LAMPDocs

Lenovo Linux Laptops

serii — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 09:24:46 +0000

LCTP60 Linux Laptop is characterized by high resolution and ultimate performance. It comes with Core 2 Duo – T7200, 2.0GHz 4MB L2 cache processor. The memory of this model makes up 1 GB; however it can be upgraded to 3 GB. The LCTP60 Linux Laptop comes with 120 GB SATA. The properties of the laptop display are the following: 15.4″ WSXGA+ TFT resolution: 1680×1050. The laptop runs with Smart Li-Ion 6 cell battery. This model of notebook is not that expensive. It is noteworthy that the driver support in Linux is excellent. Video, graphics, sound, wireless or wired Internet run easily with most updated distributions out there. If you make decision on purchasing this model, you may be certain that LCTP60 Linux Laptop will perform safely and solidly for many years. By buying this notebook, you are given 1 year warranty.

Lenovo 3000 N100 TY059TK comes with Intel Core Duo Processor (T2400) clocked at 1.8 GHz. It is a notebook with 1024MB DDR2 memory and 100 Gb 5400 Rpm hard disk. The other hardware properties of this model are the following:
NVIDIA Geforce 7300 graphics card
15.4 WSXGA VibrantView Bright (1680*1050)
Multi DVD±RW
Fingerprint-reader
BlueTooth
Webcam
Wireless
3 USB – VGA – IEEE 1394 TV OU

Pardus Installation
Speaking about Pardus Installation, all you need here is the standard installation. In addition, if you want to enjoy HD resolution and to have 3D support, in this case it is necessary to set-up Nvidia drivers. The Audio Card is running out-of-box easily. Internal microphone can be switched on through KMix > Mic/Int.Mic.

Best Linux Operating System for Laptop

serii — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 09:24:20 +0000

According to the preferences of many computer users and programmers one of the most popular versions is considered Ubuntu. It represents the most compatible version at the present time as well. Ubuntu is free of charge and it can be downloaded and burnt to CDs. A computer user has the possibility to run the operating system from the disc. In this case you are enabled to see the way the operating system looks and works before its installation. It is also distinguished by 100% free updates and programs by example of “Open Office”. Open Office represents an alternative to Microsoft Office but it is spread for free. In addition, it is compatible with Microsoft Office documents.

From time to time Ubuntu may seem somewhat buggy. It may happen in case when you want to get drivers for wireless internet. This process may appear to be a little bit difficult. However there are numerous forums on the Ubuntu website at your disposal. Thus you can ask any question concerning the Ubuntu you are interested in. It should be noted that any Linux version disposes of this issue, however Ubuntu is the best rated one. You can retain Microsoft OS, however make certain you have enough space on your hard drive disk: 1/2 for Vista & 1/2 for Linux OS.

If you make a decision on availing yourself of Ubuntu, first you should go to www.ubuntu.com. Here you can download the ISO. Thereafter you should burn it to a CD and place it into CD/DVD drive. You will be prompted to install the version in question. You will have two options: the first option presupposes installing it along side your functional OS so you will receive a dual-boot system, the second option means formatting the hard drive and installing the new OS.

Linux ThinkPad

serii — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 09:23:47 +0000

It should be mentioned that Linux runs perfectly on a great number of IBM’s ThinkPad models of notebook. The same can be said about sub-notebook computers, all modern series included. Many mainstream distributions such as Debian, SuSe or RedHat can be installed from the box.

There are several series of ThinkPad. Each model is distinguished by gently different architecture. However, there are a number of ThinkPad models that can not be used for running Linux. The article provides some of the models that are suited for Linux.

ThinkPad 340:
This monochrome-only device is distinguished by a 486SLC processor at 50 MHz. It is supplied with disks whose capacity makes up 200-360 Mb, depending on the model. David N Turner lets us know of good set-up of Slackware 2.3.0 on a 340CSE which has 12 Mb memory and 200 Mb hard disk. However David N Turner notifies that you may come across the same floppy disk change problem as the 750 models devices.

Ps/Note E35
Jerome Kaidor notifies that he has managed to make Linux 1.2.0 work on his Ps/Note E35, which he considers is substantially a ThinkPad 350 without PCMCIA slots. He succeeded in compressing everything he required into 21 Mb, even X having installed.

ThinkPad 360
This model includes options which are aimed at the 486 DX2 at 50 MHz. The disk options vary between 340 and 810 Mb. There are also dual-scan color and active-matrix screens. Linux is perfectly suited for this model according to the words of Richard Soderberg.

ThinkPad 370
Anders Odgaard informs about successful set-up on he 370C, which is similar to the 755 model. Particularly:
“Slackware Linux 2.1.0 was used. Initial booting was done with the `bare’ bootdisk, and I used the `color144′ rootdisk. At the boot prompt one must write
mount floppy=thinkpad”.

ThinkPad 701:
This model is characterized by the attractive fold-out keyboard and by modernized TrackPoint “joystick. The screen options are based around dual-scan passive and active matrix options. The disk capacity varies from 360 to 720 Mb. The processor of this model can be either the 50 MHz Intel 486DX2 or the 75 MHz 486DX4.

Ubuntu Notebook

serii — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 09:22:47 +0000

Ubuntu represents operating system, developed by the community. The operating system is based on the Linux kernel, which is suited perfectly for notebooks or personal computers. Ubuntu contains the following programs: program designed for Internet browsing, office packages for working with texts, spreadsheets and presentations, programs for communication by the use of Internet and many others.

Ubuntu is distributed free of charge, including corporate versions and safety renovation. Ubuntu enjoys support of Canonical Ltd. and hundreds of companies throughout the world.
The disks with Ubuntu contain only free software. It is noteworthy that the free usage, distribution, improvement of free software has been encouraged.

At present there also Ubuntu Netbook Remix has appeared which represents a system specially designed for notebooks with small screens. The Canonical Company has announced the operating system Ubuntu Netbook Remix officially for devices with smaller screens, controlled by new processors Intel atom. As concerns Netbooks, they represent mini notebooks, such as ASUS eeePC. Such notebooks are very compact and they are mainly used for Internet browsing.

Ubuntu Netbook Remix is based on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron. Its main innovation is updated interface which is used for application start, which enables to obtain quick access to files located on the small screen of a notebook. Ubuntu Netbook Remix is usually accessible to OEM suppliers because the given version includes some of the proprietary codecs and technologies.

The Ubuntu packages contain the following options: go-home-applet, Window-picker-applet, maximus, human-netbook-theme, ume-launcher, desktop-switcher.

Linus Torvalds

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:42:30 +0000

Linus Torvalds (born on December 28, 1969, Finland, Helsinki) is a famous software engineer. Torvalds marked the beginning of development of the Linux kernel and git revision control system. He grew interested in computers thanks to his maternal grandfather. In 1988 Linus Torvalds joined the University of Helsinki. In 1986 he graduated the University by taking his master degree in computer science. A significant event in his life was the discovering and reading of the book “Operating Systems: Design and Implementation” by Andrew Tanenbaum. The author of this book presented the structure of Unix operating systems basing on the example of “Minix” Software. Linus took a great interest in this. Later on, he purchased a computer with an Intel 386 CPU and installed Minix. By analyzing this system, Linus discovered some defects in the program. Therefore he began to do the terminal emulation program independently. This was the beginning of Linux creation. Linus added new functions to the software. Owing to these innovations, the software acquired features of operational system of full value. Originally, Linus Torvalds was about to name his operational system “Freax”. However his friend suggested naming it Linux.

On the 17^th of September, 1991, Linus presented the source code for general use. The system attracted attention of a great number of programmers. They began to work on its improvement and additions. The software has been spreading out up till now on terms of public license GNU-GPL.

The Minix’s creator, professor Andrew Tanenbaum came out against the system design. However, Linus Torvalds stood his ground.

It is interesting to note that a penguin Tux is Linus’ talisman. The penguin also became the emblem of Linux. In his book “Just for Fun”, Linus Torvalds wrote, that he chose a penguin for Linux emblem. As once he was pecked by a penguin in the zoo.

Besides, Linus displayed his talent of a poem writer. His main work is well famous.

In June, 2003, Linus began working under the patronage of the Open Source Development Labs. It is a consortium which is formed by high-tech companies such as JBM, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, AMP, RedHat Novel and others. The main goal of this consortium is to further the development of Linux.

In January 2007, Open Source Development Laboratory amalgamated with The Free Standards Group to form The Linux Foundation.

Free Software Foundation History

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:33:11 +0000

Free Software Foundation is an uncommercial organization which was founded by Richard Stallman in 1985. The main object of founding of the given corporation consisted in the necessity of support of free software movement which favours the freedom of programmers and computer users to create modify and redistribute free software. The headquarters of the Free Software Foundation are situated in Massachusetts, USA.

Till the middle of 1990’s the basic aim of FSF was the hiring of software developers who had to create free software for the GNU Project. Since that time, the employees and volunteers of FSF were engaged in developing of legal and structural issues for this movement and community.

It should be noted that only free software is to be used on computers of Free Software Foundation.

November 25, 2002 the Free Software Foundation started a program of FSF Associate Membership for private individuals. March 5, 2003 FSF also ran a program Corporate Patron for profit organizations. For instance in April, 2004 the Foundation included 45 of corporate patrons.

The FSF disposes of copyrights on different indispensible pieces which belong to the GNU system, such as GNU Compiler Collection. Being the copyright holder, it is empowered to enforce the GNU General Public License in case there copyright infringement on software takes place. Beginning with 1991 till 2001, GPL enforcement was put into effect unofficially usually by Richard Stallman. In March 2003, SCO registered a claim against IBM, asserting that the contribution on the part of IBM infringed the rights of SCO. On the 5^th of November, 2003 FSF received a subpoena to appear in court. FSF managed to refute its negative influence on the promotion of free software.

From 2003 to 2005, FSF organized legal seminars that aimed to clarify the GPL and the law. Most of these seminars were given by Bradley M. Kuhn and Daniel Ravicher. This was the fist measure taken to provide official legal education on the GPL.

In 1999, FSF received Linus Torvalds Award for free software. In 2005, FSF was honored with Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction in the category “Digital Communities”.

Free Software Foundation Activity

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:28:27 +0000

Free software is software that offers a compute user the freedom to study, modify and redistribute it. Free software is considered the foundation of a learning society, whose purpose is to share experience and knowledge with other computer users and programmers. The free software movement was founded by world famous programmer Richard Stallman in 1983. At that time the computer scientist initiated a GNU project. 2 years later Stallman launched the Free Software Foundation.

One of the main missions of this Foundation is the educating on behalf of programmers from every corner of the globe. Millions of people from the whole world give preference to free software which they install on their computers.

Year after year free software developers gather a great number of copyright assignments from individuals and corporations who work on free software.

Free Software Foundation records the collected copyrights together with US copyright office and issue the license, which enables the users to distribute the software in question. This process guarantees that free software distributors work in compliance with the main obligations to convey freedom to other users, and to share, modify and study the code. This work is possible thanks to free software licensing and Compliance Laboratory. The GNU General Public License, being the most popular free software license in the world is published by FSF. The main object of the world recognized license is the conserving and promoting software freedom. Other licenses, published by Free Software Foundation are the GNU Lesser General Public License, the GNU Free Document License, the GNU Affero General Public License and the GNU Free Document License.

The Foundation supports the freedom of software, being against proprietary software. It is also presents significant resources to the public that include the FSF/Unesco free software directory.

Richard Stallman

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:24:05 +0000

Richard Stallman (born March, 16 1953, New York City) is a world famous programmer. He is the author of such programs as GNU Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection, and GNU Debugger. Stallman is also considered the founder of free software, GNU project, Free Software Foundation and League for Programming Freedom.

During his years of studies at Harvard University, Richard Stallman worked as a programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. After graduating from Harvard University, Stallman became a student at MIT. Soon he refused from his plans to continue his scientific education. In 1984 Stallman gave up working at the Laboratory, to set to work on GNU project, which was founded by him in September, 1983. Beginning with the middle of 1990’s, Richard Stallman developed less software, as he devoted his time to the developing of free software concepts.

Stallman is the author of a great number of essays written on software freedom. He has regularly made speeches which are entitled “The GNU project and the Free Software Movement”, “The Dangers of Software Patents”, and “Copyright and Community in the age of Computer Networks”. In 1999 Stallman suggested developing a free on-line encyclopedia, by inviting people to contribute articles.

Over the time of many years, Richard Stallman has supported the exactness of his terminology. Stallman does not accept the term “open source software” because it does not render the value of the software such as freedom. He asks people to use the term “free software”, because of the freedom issues of this software. He also affirms that one has to say “proprietary software” instead of “closed source software”, in the event if, the software can not be distributed, used or modified freely. It is noteworthy that Richard Stallman takes the terminology most seriously. For instance, he agrees to give interview only to those journalists who will use his terminology in the article.

Free Software. Why Is It Free?

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:16:39 +0000

Free software is software that gives its users the right to unlimited installation, program startup, free usage, studying, redistribution and modifying. The software is available free of charge, however in some cases it can have a fee.

The name “free software” had been previously used in the Unix world. Not long ago it was accepted in the general computer community. Free software is also called as Freed Software, Liberated Software or freely redistributable software.

In 1983 Richard Stallman set up free software movement. The goal of the given movement was to provide the “software freedom” to computer users. It is noteworthy that the notion itself was introduced by Richard Stallman and it reflects the principles of open software engineering in the scientific community, which was formed in American universities in 1970’s. Richard Stallman formulated the principles of free software. These principles mention authors’ rights, which are transmitted to the computer users:

Freedom 0: the software can be used freely for any purpose;

Freedom 1: freedom to study the way the program operates and adapt it to your purposes, on condition that the incoming text of the program is available;

Freedom 2: you may redistribute the copies of the program freely, to help your neighbors;

Freedom 3: the program may be modified and improved freely. The improvements may be released to the public as well, to profit the whole community.

The main condition of the third freedom is the availability of the incoming text of the program and the possibility to make modifications and corrections in the program.

If the software satisfies the requirements of these four principles, it can be considered free software. Thus it is free and available for modifying and revising.

As opposed to “freeware” which does not have a fee, free software may be redistributed by collecting payment for it, or it can be absolutely free of charge. However, the main thing concerning the software in question is to follow four principles of freedom.

Free Software Advantages

serii — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 10:12:35 +0000

Pragmatic Advantages of Free Software
Free software is distinguished by good quality because the code is studied and revised by a great number of programmers. The packages of free software are usually well designed in order to attract many developer communities. Another pragmatic advantage of the software in question is considered to be its security. This fact is explained by the key and lock argument. The existing lock of free software is well kept. In addition, free software as well as proprietary software can be regarded as stable ones. Despite of the fact, that nowadays up-to-date versions of the software appear at great speed, still a computer user gives preference either to the previous or latest versions.

If the original developing company puts an end to its activity, you can always address another software company to find the necessary support. Moreover a user has unrestricted freedom to decide on the software and to use it for his/her purposes as long as s/he wishes. All the users have the possibility to share with experience with each other.

The Variability Advantage
Free Software is developed to be adapted to the computer user’s needs. A computer user is given the freedom to revise and make changes in free software. Such freedom of revising and redistribution increases the variability of the program, making it available for the other users. The changes are usually accepted by the package maintainers. When the corrections do not present great interest, they can be rejected. They can also exist in the limited niche, for which they were developed.

As opposed to free software developers, proprietary software companies search for a niche beforehand. A computer user is not allowed to modify the software for the other niches. In spite of the fact, that a great number of proprietary software copies can be sold, still their software is distinguished by reduced variability in comparison with the free software companies.